Effects of chronic insecticide exposure on neuronal network development in vitro in rat cortical cultures

In this article, we present sex-specific in vitro data on the chronic neurotoxic effects of different classes of insecticides. Specifically, we studied the sex-specific effects of different carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids on neuronal network development in sex-separated primary rat cortical cultures using micro-electrode array (MEA) recordings. Our findings indicate that exposure for 1 week to carbaryl inhibited neurodevelopment in male cultures, while a hyperexcitation was observed in female cultures. Methomyl and aldicarb evoked a hyperexcitation after 2 weeks of exposure, which was more pronounced in female cultures. In contrast to acute MEA results, exposure to ≥10 µM CPF caused hyperexcitation in both sexes after 10 days. Interestingly, exposure to 10 µM CPO induced a clear hyperexcitation after 10 days of exposure in male but not female cultures. Exposure to 100 µM CPO strongly inhibited neuronal development. Exposure to the type I pyrethroid permethrin resulted in a hyperexcitation at 10 µM and a decrease in neuronal development at 100 µM. In comparison, exposure to ≥10 µM of the type II pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin decreased neuronal development. In female but not in male cultures, exposure to 1 and 10 µM permethrin changed (network) burst patterns, with female cultures having shorter (network) bursts with fewer spikes per (network) burst. Together, these results show that MEA recordings are suitable for measuring sex-specific developmental neurotoxicity in vitro. Additionally, pyrethroid exposure induced effects on neuronal network development at human-relevant concentrations. Finally, chronic exposure has different effects on neuronal functioning compared to acute exposure, highlighting the value of both exposure paradigms.

For more details ,see the full article (open access) here: “Effects of chronic insecticide exposure on neuronal network development in vitro in rat cortical cultures”.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-024-03840-0